CD Genomics Blog

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How Does PacBio SMRT Sequencing facilitate AAV Vector Development?

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as one of the primary vectors for gene therapy. This is because it has many desirable properties, including lack of pathogenicity, efficient infection of dividing and non-dividing cells, and sustained maintenance of the viral genome. With an excellent safety profile in numerous preclinical studies and hundreds of clinical trials […]

Functional Metagenomics for New Antibiotic Resistance Genes Research

Functional metagenomics is a powerful method for discovering new biocatalysts from a wide range of environmental samples. The building of metagenomic libraries is usually accompanied by the selection of clones expressing the desired phenotype, such as enzymatic or antimicrobial activity, antibiotic/xenobiotic resistance, or the capacity to disintegrate toxic compounds or environmental pollutants. Gene annotation is […]

Comprehensive and Quantitative Profiling of Translation – Ribo-Seq and Application in Virology

In the past decade, second-generation sequencing has been rapidly developed and widely used in the studies of genome, transcriptome, and epigenetics of many species. It also acts as an important technological support for pharmacy, diagnosis, and many other fields. In recent years, second-generation sequencing has been increasingly used to monitor protein translation. Combining ribosome profiling […]

DNA Sequencing: Definition, Methods, and Applications

What Is DNA Sequencing? DNA Sequencing is the method that determines the order of the four nucleotides bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) that make up the DNA molecule and convey important genetic information. In the DNA double helix, the four bases bond with the specific partner to form units called base pairs (bp). Adenine […]

Sanger Sequencing: Introduction, Principle, and Protocol

What Is Sanger Sequencing? Sanger sequencing, also known as the “chain termination method,” was developed by the English biochemist Frederick Sanger and his colleagues in 1977. This method is designed for determining the sequence of nucleotide bases in a piece of DNA (commonly less than 1,000 bp in length). Sanger sequencing with 99.99% base accuracy […]

Chloroplast Fact Sheet: Definition, Structure, Genome, and Function

Chloroplast Definition Chloroplast, found in plant cells and some protists such as algae and cyanobacteria, is a cell organelle known as a plastid. Chloroplasts are the food producers of the cell by converting light energy of the sun into sugar that can be used by the cell. This entire process is known as photosynthesis and […]

Mitochondria Fact Sheet: Definition, Structure, Function and Genome

What Are Mitochondria? Mitochondria are recognized as the powerhouse of the cell since they help convert oxygen and nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. Mitochondria are small organelles (usually 0.75~3 micrometers), found in nearly all types of human cells except mature red blood cells, as well as cells of other […]

Introduction to DNA Microarray Technology

What is a DNA Microarray? Microarray is a common laboratory tool for detecting gene expression or gene mutations in a high throughput manner. These slides are also known as gene chips or DNA chips. Thousands of probes (with known identity) are immobilized on a microscope slides or silicon chips or nylon membrane, with thousands of […]

Introduction to Next Generation Sequencing Technology

Next generation sequencing (NGS), high-throughput sequencing, or massively parallel sequencing are related terms that describe the DNA sequencing technology which has revolutionized the biological research. Characterized by ultra-high throughput, scalability, and speed, NGS enables researchers to sequence a human genome within a single day, which Sanger sequencing took over a decade to accomplish the final […]

Principle and Workflow of Illumina Next-generation Sequencing

Illumina, established in 1998 in San Diego, CA, is a leading company in the field of sequencing. In 2006, Illumina acquired Solexa, got the next-generation high-throughput sequencing technology and developed it into a mainstream technology on the market. It currently provides sequencing systems such as MiSeq, HiSeq 2500, HiSeq 3000, HiSeq 4000, HiSeq X Ten, HiSeq […]