Introduction to Transcription Factors Molecules important in controlling gene expression are transcription factors. Normally they are proteins, although they are composed of short, non-coding RNA as well. Transcription variables are also typically seen working in groups or complexes, creating multiple connections that allow varying degrees of control over transcription rates. Transcription factors (TFs) attach to […]

DNA methylation, histone variant, histone modifications, and nucleosome positioning are pathways for epigenetic regulation in eukaryotes. Bacteria, on the other hand, lack histones and nucleosomes; hence, they primarily use DNA methylation as their epigenetic gene regulation. There are three different types of DNA methylation in bacterial genomes: N4-methylcytosine (4mC), N6-methyladenine (6mA), and 5-methylcytosine (5mC). The […]

The protein translation is a complicated process. In the past decades, scientists have focused mainly on the interpretation of the coding region of a gene, which can directly determine the amino acid composition of a protein. Recently, research on the non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regions have greatly interested the scientists and large amount of evidence indicates […]