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In recent years, studies have been progressively conducted to assess the effect of distinct sampling techniques on the outcomes of fecal microbiome assessment, in order to address this unmet need in the area of microbiome research. These methodology researches are useful for researchers to create quite rational guidelines for the procedure of fecal sampling, handling, […]
Introduction to SARS-COV-2 In December 2019, the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started and has enveloped the world in an unparalleled global pandemic. The clinical features of COVID-19 patients are comparable during the 2002-2003 outbreak of SARS-CoV-1, which caused more than 8,000 cases reported and about 800 deaths. As such, human SARS-CoV-2 […]
When bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites change over time and no longer respond to antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs. This makes an emerging issue related to the development and usage of antibiotics. Traditional microbial screening methods for AMR can be very laborious and time-consuming. However, the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), especially whole-genome sequencing (WGS), […]
Without previous understanding of organisms, next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers an efficient unbiased approach to determine new coronavirus strains and other pathogens. New variants of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus are increasingly concerned about the rapid spread, highlighting the necessity for more sequencing to rapidly identify mutations and limit the risk of new strains. Sequencing was employed early […]
The most powerful approach to scan for unspecific germline variations, somatic mutations, and structural variants is high-throughput sequencing. Whole-genome sequencing, exome sequencing, and targeted region sequencing are three of the most common sequencing concepts in DNA sequencing. While highly useful, in different aspects of data collection, computation time, and variant detection precision, sequencing data creates […]
Determining an appropriate treatment through precision medicine requires inspection of crucial novel biomarkers from tissue samples or liquid biopsies such as plasma/serum, sputum, saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid for earlier disease diagnosis and prognosis. Analysis of non-coding RNA such as microRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), DNA methylation, and posttranslational histone modifications are epigenetic […]
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, or CRISPR, is one of the most phenomenal discoveries that paved the way for modern genome screening and editing technologies. CRISPR is a family of DNA found in the genome of prokaryotes, specifically bacteria and archaea. These sequences contain DNA fragments from known bacteriophages that infect the particular prokaryote. […]
The Discovery of Hepatitis C Virus Hepatitis, or the inflammation of the liver, is primarily caused by viral infection. Other significant factors to it include alcohol abuse, environmental contaminants, and autoimmune diseases. It became apparent in the 1940s that there were two major forms of contagious hepatitis. In the 1960s, Hepatitis B and A vaccines […]
The protein translation is a complicated process. In the past decades, scientists have focused mainly on the interpretation of the coding region of a gene, which can directly determine the amino acid composition of a protein. Recently, research on the non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regions have greatly interested the scientists and large amount of evidence indicates […]
With the advent of the post-genome era, gene chip and next-generation sequencing have become two important branches of biochemistry and molecular biology technologies. DNA microarray, also known as gene chip, is a method characterized by high throughput, high efficiency, and high automation. In a gene chip array, a large number of known probe sequences are […]