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Discovery Cancer Panels

CD Genomics' cancer panels are predesigned panels for targeted sequencing of genes and mutations associated with multiple cancer diseases. The panel contains a total of 248 genes associated with thirteen common cancers. CD Genomics utilizes targeted NGS sequencing technology to provide more efficient and accurate targeting of specific genes or mutations, and even to detect low frequency variations in cancer-associated genes. Targeted NGS sequencing facilitates sequencing of a large number of genes and samples in a single and cost-effective assay.

CD Genomics provides a variety of cancer panels for your cancer related researches.

Features and Advantages

Applications

Our Discovery Cancer Panels

Workflow

Gene Panel Workflow

Sample Submission Guide

Specimen: Extracted DNA.
Sample purity (OD260 / 280): 1.8-2.0.
Recommended amount: > 1 μg, > 20 ng / μL.
Minimum amount: 100 ng
Collection: DNA samples are stored in TE buffer or equivalent.

Deliverables

Raw sequencing data (FASTQ). Mutation discovery and related data analysis can be delivered on request.

Not meeting your needs? Click here to customize your exclusive panel.

Q&A

    • What is a Gene Panel?

      • The term "Panel" originates from NGS (next-generation sequencing) technology and pertains to the concurrent identification of numerous genes and loci. The composition of a gene panel isn't fixed in terms of gene quantity. It can encompass a small handful of genes, dozens, or even extend to hundreds or thousands. The panel's dimensions are contingent upon both the quantity of genes identified and the expanse of the genomic region they cover.

    • What do you have in CD Genomics Discovery Cancer Panel?

      • Tumor Susceptibility Gene Panel: Primarily identifies genetic polymorphisms.
        Hereditary Tumor Gene Panel: Mainly detects germline mutations.
        Tumor Precision Medicine Gene Panel: Focuses on identifying gene polymorphisms in normal cells (excluding gene expression in tumor tissues). This panel detects point mutations, insertion-deletions, copy number variations, and fusions (structural variations) in specific genes within the tumor signaling pathway. Its purpose is to advance precision medicine.
        Immune Gene Panel: Concentrates on detecting immunotherapy-related biomarkers like TMB, PD-L1, MSI, MMR, HLA, etc., to guide immunotherapy.
        Tumor ctDNA Gene Panel: Utilized for liquid biopsy studies.
    • What are the key terms associated with our Oncology Sequencing Panel and their significance?

      • Sequencing Coverage

        Sequencing coverage indicates the fraction of sequences obtained through sequencing in relation to the total genome size of the panel. Due to complexities such as high GC content and repetitive sequences in the genome, certain regions might remain unsequenced, forming gaps. For instance, if a tumor panel has a coverage of 99%, it means that 1% of the sequence remains unobtained from sequencing, resulting in a 1% coverage gap.

        Sequencing Depth

        Sequencing depth represents the total number of bases obtained through sequencing divided by the size of the genome being tested. This parameter assesses the amount of sequencing performed. For example, if a panel has a size of 2.0M and a sequencing depth of 500X, the total data acquired is 1.0G. (Sequencing depth = total data volume / panel size = 1.0G / 2.0M = 500X).

        Effective Sequencing Depth

        Distinct from sequencing depth, effective sequencing depth reflects the average depth of the target region after eliminating duplicate sequences. Consider a 2.0M panel with downstream data volume of 1.0G. If 50% of the data corresponds to the target region and 50% to duplicate sequences, the sequencing depth is 500X (1.0G / 2.0M). However, the effective depth is 125X (1.0G * 50% * 50% / 2.0M) after accounting for duplicates.

        Sensitivity

        Sensitivity measures the percentage of individuals with a positive test result, indicating the ability of the test to correctly identify true positives. It is linked to the false-negative rate. Sensitivity (Sen) is calculated as Sen = a / (a + c) %, where 'a' represents true positives and 'c' signifies false negatives.

        Specificity

        Specificity gauges the proportion of negative test results among individuals without the disease, reflecting the test's ability to correctly identify true negatives. This parameter is related to the false-positive rate. Specificity (Spe) is calculated as Spe = d / (b + d) %, where 'd' represents true negatives and 'b' signifies false positives.

        Limit of Detection (LOD)

        The Limit of Detection refers to the lowest concentration of an analyte that the test can detect within a sample. This metric showcases the reagent assay's analytical sensitivity, demonstrating its capability to identify even minute amounts of the target substance.

    • Can an increase in sequencing depth impact the Limit of Detection (LOD) in Cancer NGS Panel Sequencing?

      • Yes, elevating sequencing depth can enhance sensitivity and specificity, impacting LOD. However, there's a point of diminishing returns. Beyond a certain depth, the LOD won't improve further. Increasing depth excessively can generate data duplication, wasting resources. For example, if a ctDNA sample's LOD is 5,000 copies, deeper sequencing won't detect more. So, while depth matters, an excessively deep sequence doesn't necessarily mean a better LOD. You can contact our technology teams for more details.

    • What type of data does your sequencing service provide?

      • Our sequencing service delivers a comprehensive array of data based on our in-house sequencing platforms, including:

        Reads: These sequences are generated by high-throughput sequencing platforms and serve as the foundational genetic information.
        Raw Reads: The initial downstream data directly obtained from the sequencing process.
        Clean Reads: Processed data achieved through advanced bioinformatic methods. Poor-quality reads are removed, resulting in a dataset of heightened accuracy and reliability, ready for analysis.
        Complete Bioinformatics Analysis: In addition to the mentioned sequencing data, we extend our services to include complete bioinformatics analysis. This comprehensive approach ensures that our clients receive not only high-quality genetic data but also insightful interpretations that contribute to informed decision-making in the field of oncology genetic testing.
    • How should I choose between different sample types for oncogene sequencing?

      • When considering oncogene testing, the following sample hierarchy is recommended:

        Fresh Tissue: Fresh tissue is considered the gold standard. If available, it's the preferred choice due to its high quality and intact genetic material.
        Paraffin Sections: Paraffin-embedded tissue sections are a viable option. They offer a reasonable detection rate and can be a suitable alternative when fresh tissue is not accessible.
        Pleural and Abdominal Fluid Supernatant: The supernatant of pleural and abdominal fluids holds potential genetic material and can be considered for testing, albeit with a slightly lower detection rate than tissues.
        Pleural and Abdominal Fluid Cells: Genetic testing on cells from pleural or abdominal fluids is possible, but may yield a reduced detection rate compared to other options.
        Peripheral Blood: Peripheral blood is generally the least preferred option due to its lower detection rate compared to tissue samples. However, clinical convenience plays a crucial role in deciding the sample type.
    • Which NGS Panel is suitable for peripheral blood samples?

      • Our ctDNA NGS Panel is the recommended genetic testing panel for peripheral blood samples. This panel is tailored to effectively analyze circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) present in peripheral blood, providing valuable insights into tumor genetics. This approach enables a non-invasive and convenient method for tumor genetic testing through blood samples.

    • Is supplying peripheral blood as a control essential when utilizing the Tumor NGS Panel for TMB analysis?

      • Yes, peripheral blood, as a control sample, serves as a valuable reference point, enhancing the precision and reliability of your results. By providing peripheral blood as a control, the specificity of detected genetic variants can be confidently attributed to tumor cells. This control aids in distinguishing between somatic mutations present in the tumor tissue and germline variants inherent to an individual's genetic makeup. Ensuring the presence of tumor-specific genetic changes is paramount for accurate oncology medication decisions or determining TMB.

    • Does a larger oncogene NGS panel always equate to better results?

      • The optimal choice among oncogene test panels (small, medium, or large) depends on a variety of factors. Each panel size has its own advantages, and the decision should be based on economic considerations and the patient's specific situation.

        In cases TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden), MSI (Microsatellite Instability), and MMR (Mismatch Repair) are needed, a larger panel can be valuable. The choice should be guided by factors like tumor type, the purpose and significance of the research, financial considerations, and your capacity for resource allocation.

        Our tailored approach to customization ensures that you get the most relevant and informative results for informed decision-making.

* For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

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